The Department of Agriculture conducts a program for that is concern to the rice planting and uplifting the lives of the Filipino farmers and it is called "Agri-Pinoy Program".


                     Why rice?

An average Filipino diet is based on rice. It provides half of our calorie requirements and one-third of our protein intake. Rice accounts for 20% of food expenditures for average households, which increases to 30% for households belonging to the bottom third of our society.

As a durable crop that can be relied on to bring good harvest year in and year out, rice is grown in some 3.2 million hectares of land, providing livelihood to more than two million households engaged in rice-based farming, along with millions of farm laborers, and tens of thousands of merchants and traders.

Rice, as a food staple, is an economic commodity. It is both a major expenditure item and a source of income for many households. As food is our most basic necessity, demand for rice cuts across all social classes. Rural households also depend, in varying degrees, on the various stages of rice production for livelihood.

Rice also plays important macroeconomic and developmental roles. Movements in the price of rice have a substantial bearing on overall inflation rates, fuelling concern from policymakers on pricing and fiscal stability. Because a large part of the population remains in agriculture, growth in output and productivity are essential to spur economic development.

Globally, food supply is threatened by a growing demand to feed an increasing population in the face of scarcity in land and water resources. Since a majority of small Filipino farmers and rural households depend on food farming for their own consumption and income, government support is critical to encourage domestic production or self-sufficiency to address poverty, food insecurity, and providing a key ingredient to economic stability in the long term.

It is towards these ends that the National Rice Program plays an important role in the flagship food program of the administration of President Benigno S. Aquino III.

What is the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program?

The Agri-Pinoy Rice Program is one of the banner components of the Department of Agriculture mainly concerned in rice farming and uplifting the lives of Filipino farmers.

Guided by the principles of the Agrikulturang Pilipino (Agri-Pinoy) framework, the National Rice Program integrates government initiatives and interventions for the agriculture sector, namely: food security and self-sufficiency, sustainable resource management, support services from farm to table, and broad-based local partnerships.

What are the objectives of the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program?
 

The Agri-Pinoy Rice Program plays a key role in the Food Staples Sufficiency Program (FSSP), the central focus of the country's food security policy from 2011 to 2016 and beyond.

With the vision of a food-secure society where farmers enjoy a decent and rising standards of living, the FSSP 2011-2016 aims to achieve self-sufficiency in food staples. Self-sufficiency means satisfying domestic requirements for food, seeds, processing, and feeds through domestic production.

The key target is to produce the country's domestic requirements by 2013. Beyond 2013, the aim is to strengthen national resilience in staples production.
The key strategies are concentrated in the following: (1) raising farmers' productivity and competitiveness, (2) enhancing economic incentives and enabling mechanisms, and (3) managing food staples consumption.
 

What are the activities being undertaken by the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program?

To carry out these objectives, various government interventions are undertaken from the national to the local levels in the form of support to rice production; irrigation; postharvest and other infrastructure facilities; market development services; extension, education and training services; and research and development.
 

Specific interventions provided by the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program are as follows:

A. Production support

• Production of Breeder Seeds of Inbred and Nucleus/Breeder Seeds of Hybrid Parentals
• Basic Breeder Seed Production
• Seed Production of varieties for climate change adaptation/mitigation; Including varieties that are submergence-tolerant, drought-tolerant/early maturing, saline-tolerant, and cool-elevated
• Upland Rice Production Development
• Establishment of Community Seed Banks; including rehabilitation and establishment, distribution of simple seed processing equipment; and locally adopted starter seeds
• Support to RIARC Development and Activation, including production and distribution of registered seeds, and purification and multiplication of traditional and locally adopted varieties
• Disaster Response like buffer seed stocking and provision of insurance coverage
• Establishment of pest outbreak control measures like bactericides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and light traps
• Cloud seeding operations on vulnerable regions
• Distribution of fertilizers for rationing
• Establishment of agro-meteorological (agro-met) stations per major rice district
• Establishment and maintenance of Multi-Purpose Bio-Organic Fertilizer Plants
• Conduct of pest and diseases surveillance/SEWS in clustered areas to determine and prevent pest occurrence; and strengthening of pest surveillance teams
• Establishment of community-based bio-control agent laboratories, including upgrading of technical capabilities of bio-control laboratories
• Promotion of nutrient management tools as aid in formulation of SSNM options and varieties
• Support to soil laboratories and establishment of mobile soil clinics
• Distribution of farm and fishery production-related machinery and equipment such as: Rice Drum Seeders, Rice Transplanters, Mini four-wheel drive tractors, Rice Hull Carbonizers, and Hand Tractors

B. Irrigation Development Services

• Support to activities of the National Irrigation Administration, an attached agency of the Department of Agriculture, in restoration, rehabilitation, and generation activities of irrigation systems and their service areas.
• Provision of Small Scale Irrigation Projects in rice cluster areas to ensure that major waterways are functional to achieve high irrigation efficiency
• Operating, monitoring, and evaluation of irrigable areas or service areas expanded through restoration, rehabilitation, and construction of Small Water Impounding Projects, Diversion Dams, and Small Farm Reservoirs

C. Other Infrastructure and Postharvest Development Services

Distribution of postharvest equipment and machinery, such as net/laminated sacks, construction and rehabilitation of flatbed dryers, mechanical dryers, bag closers/baggers, threshers, combine harvesters, rice cutter/harvesters, shredders, moisture meters

Construction and rehabilitation of palay sheds and warehouses, and multi-purpose drying pavements,

Construction and operationalization of Rice Processing Complexes, and village-type grain postharvest processing centers,

Provision, rehabilitation and retrofitting of biomass furnace to existing re-circulating dryers

Validation of farm-to-market roads (FMRs)

D. Market Development Services

• Market Promotion and Development, consisting of the establishment of Seed Trading Centers and e-Trading centers, and holding of agri-business investment clinics, market matching, and trade fairs
• Generation, periodic updating and dissemination of regional rice statistics and market information such as inflow and outflow, demand and supply, palay and milled rice prices, basic rice statistics (effective rice area, area planted & harvested, production, yield per hectare, sufficiency), input suppliers, millers, etc., supply chain and cost structure analysis, price monitoring, and updating of cost structure, stakeholders directory, market profiles, and rice value-added products
• Establishing linkages with public and private financial institutions, NGOs, and agri-business entities

E. Extension Support, Education and Training Services

• Conduct of trainings and training-related events for farmers such as technology transfers, schools-on-the air, Farmers' Field Day, sustainable agriculture practices, Palay Check, Palayamanan, and other social mobilization activities
• Conduct of technology demonstrations (Techno-Demo) such as varietal TD, compact hybrid/cluster, community-based MRC, LSTD, abiotic stress environments, etc.
• Promotion and showcase of environment-friendly technologies adaptable to organic production
• Technology commercialization for ratooned rice, upland, submergence, and saline rice varieties
• Technology updating and re-tooling of agricultural extension workers (AEWs) and farmer technicians by conducting specialized trainings
• Provision of logistical support to LGU Extension Workers and para-technicians,
• Organization and strengthening of Irrigators Associations (IAs) and farmers' organizations by forming and mobilizing clusters and conducting technical briefings
• Engages in intensive information dissemination campaigns by distributing IEC materials such as newsletters, posters, brochures, handouts, flipcharts, billboards and streamers; print, radio and television campaigns; information caravans; schools-on-the-air, and other related activities.

F. Research and Development Services

• Adopts research and development activities on new rice technologies, such as researcher and farmer-managed adaptability trials for new hybrids and inbred certified seeds; screening, selection and commercialization of special rice varieties like organic and biotic-stress resistant; assessment and validation of soil fertility of rice clusters for organic rice production;
• Promotion and adoption of technology on controlled irrigation, irrigated and rain-fed rice systems
• Collection of germplasm for indigenous vegetables, rootcrops, and native staples in support to Integrated Farming Systems
  " Conduct of climate change mitigation and verification studies
• Research and provision of assistance on the commercialization of organic fertilizers
• Upgrading of research facilities
• Support to the research and development programs of the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)

Further, the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program develops, maintains, implements, monitors, and evaluates plans and policies that affect over-all rice production, farmers' welfare, consumer interests, and climate or environmental concerns.


Specific policy-oriented activities of the Agri-Pinoy Rice Program include:

 Policy review and technical updates;

• Generation of nationwide rice statistics from national surveys and other statistical activities; planning and monitoring of program activities and interventions;
• Conduct of quarterly program reviews from provincial and regional data;
• Holding of coordination meetings with stakeholders;
• Conduct of regular operational and program monitoring and evaluation activities to determine program implementation and delivery of services;
• Support to the establishment of a National Rice Council;
• And support to regional rice action teams.

Types of Pesticides

There are many different types of pesticides, each is meant to be effective against specific pests. The term "-cide" comes from the Latin word "to kill."
Algaecides are used for killing and/or slowing the growth of algae.
Antimicrobials control germs and microbes such as bacteria and viruses.
Desiccants are used to dry up living plant tissues.
Defoliants cause plants to drop their leaves.
Disinfectants control germs and microbes such as bacteria and viruses.
Fungicides are used to control fungal problems like molds, mildew, and rust.
Herbicides kill or inhibit the growth of unwanted plants, aka weeds.
Illegal and Counterfeit Pesticides are imported or sold illegally.
Insecticides are used to control insects.
Insect Growth Regulators disrupt the growth and reproduction of insects.
Miticides control mites that feed on plants and animals. Mites are not insects, exactly.
Molluscicides are designed to control slugs, snails and other molluscs.
Mothballs are insecticides used to kill fabric pests by fumigation in sealed containers.
Ovicides are used to control eggs of insects and mites.
Pheromones are biologically active chemicals used to attract insects or disrupt their mating behavior. The ratio of chemicals in the mixture is often species-specific.
Plant Growth Regulators are used to alter the growth of plants. For example, they may induce or delay flowering.
Repellents are designed to repel unwanted pests, often by taste or smell.
Rodenticides are used to kills rodents like mice, rats, and gophers.
Wood Preservatives are used to make wood resistant to insects, fungus and other pests.

source:  npic@ace.orst.edu

                   In farming, we cannot escape from the pest in our farm. It ruins our rice fields and destroy the rice plants. That is why we uses pesticides to kill those pests in our farm. There are so many types of pesticides. There are pesticides for rats, worms and snail.
                   We tried many types of pesticides and find out which is the best one. And now, the one that we use is the Shutter. Shutter is a type of pesticides that is suitable to kill pest in our farms. Specially for snails.

                There are many new agricultural equipments use all over the world for the easiest and fastest way of farming. And some of it are the machines that is use for harvesting rice. Here in Bohol, we are not using that equipments now, we still use the older way of harvesting rice by using a cutting equipment which is commonly called here in Bohol as "karit or garab". 

                   The harvested rice will be put at the machine separates the rice seeds from the hay. This machine is commonly called as "bolhot". Before we uses two equipments for the separation of seeds, the treaser and the blower. But now, we uses the bolhot it is the combination of the two equipments. although it is heavier and bigger than that  two equipments, but still it is more easier to use and lesser time will be consumed.

                  Actually, we uses both organic and commercial fertilizer. But usually we use more commercial fertilizer than organic fertilizer because commercial fertilizer is always available in the markets.We also uses foliar fertilizers, it is a type of fertilizer that is liquified and directly applied to the leaves of the plant through spraying. Plants are able to absorb nutrients and essential elements through their leaves.

                   This brand of foliar fertilizer is the one that we used last planting season until now. And I can say  that this fertilizer is effective.

 

Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is added to soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. Conservative estimates report 30 to 50% of crop yields are attributed to natural or synthetic commercial fertilizer. (Wikipedia)

              

Commercial Fertilizer:

commercial fertilizers - a substance containing one or more recognized plant nutrients and that is used for its plant nutrient content or that is designated for use or claimed to have value in promoting plant growth. Commercial fertilizers also include lime, gypsum, and manipulated animal and vegetable manures. It does not include unmanipulated animal and vegetable manures, organic waste-derived material, and other products exempted by the department by rule.

Recognized plant nutrients include:

1. Primary nutrients

• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus
• Potassium

2. Secondary nutrients

• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Sulfur

3. Micronutrients

• Boron
• Chlorine
• Cobalt
• Copper
• Iron
• Manganese
• Molybdenum
• Sodium
• Zinc

                                                                                                                        http://agr.wa.gov/pestfert/definitions/commercialfertilizer.aspx

Organic fertilizers are fertilizers derived from animal or vegetable matter. (e.g. compost, manure). ^[1]

Naturally occcuring organic fertilizers include manure, slurry, worm castings, peat, seaweed, humic acid, and guano. Sewage sludge use inorganic agricultural operations in the U.S. has been extremely limited and rare due to USDA prohibition of the practice (due to toxic metal accumulation, among other factors).^[2][3][4]

                  Hybrid rice is a very big help to many rice farmers because it gives a better harvest than any ordinary rice seeds. As you seen at the picture above, hybrid seeds produces more grains than ordinary rice. With the proper care and enough supply of fertilizer. I'm sure that it will give you a better harvest and a better life.